ding to push thegovernment to take action to lower the pollution levels.Strategies are thereforebeing developed and implemented at both the national and local levels to counteractthis problem.Most notably，at the national level，China has completed an environmentaltechnical assistance project，sponsored by a World Bank loan ，to develop an ActionPlan with the objective of assuring that by 2010the air quality levels in China‘s major cities meet the second class of national standards.1One trend which couldhelp China attain these national air quality standards has been actions by largecities，particularly Beijing ，to develop local pollution control strategies.The purpose of this article is to review and analyze the proposed national ActionPlan and recent municipal government actions to alleviate pollution problems inChina.To place the Action Plan and local actions in context，I will first outlinecurrent information on vehicle use，air quality ，and infrastructure investment.
THE CURRENT SITUATION IN CHINA
Vehicle Growth and Roads
The total number of motorized vehicles in China ，although very low by Westernstandards ，is growing rapidly and has already risen to about 1.4million in Beijingand over one million in Guangzhou.For the country as a whole ，the number of vehiclesin 1998climbed to about fourteen million cars and trucks and twenty million motorcycles.Much of the growth has been in private passenger cars ，especially in recent years.The demand for personal cars in China rose by an average of 28.1percent over thepast five years and is expected to hit one million cars annually by the year 2000.2In spite of an almost doubling in the number of public transit vehicles from 1993to 1997（see Table 3，following page ），the total passengers carried has remainedconstant across the country ‘s cities，with many actually showing declines.3
With regard to driving patterns and average speeds，many existing roads havealready reached their m
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