PROPOSED MEASURES FOR IN-USE VEHICLES
In addition to setting emission standards for new cars，the World Bank/SEPAstudy highlighted four main areas for controlling emissions in existing vehicles：旾nspection and Maintenance （I/M ）：Analysis indicated that creating a well-functioningI/M program could be one of the most cost-effective options considered and one thatcould have a rapid impact.After 2002，a loaded mode test procedure ，the ASMtest，will be adopted for catalyst-equipped vehicles and 100percent of the vehicleswill be required to be tested and 100percent will need to pass the test in orderto be driven.In combination with new vehicle standards ，this I/M program willbetter enable the national NOx targets to be met.
昍etrofit Programs：The study also concluded that national retrofit regulationsshould be issued for two primary reasons：1）to assure that retrofit programsbeing introduced around the country are adequately considering important factorssuch as fuel quality and vehicle maintenance；and 2）to assure that retrofitsactually achieve the claims made by retrofit companies.The final report recommendsthat a performance standard be used as a basis for approving systems.旻uel Programs：The study team also recommended that SEPA should issue regulations regardingthe quality of fuels and fuel additives and enforce these standards and specificationsin the fuel distribution system.昇on-Technical Measures ：In addition to technicalmeasures outlined above ，cost-effective ，non-technical measures ，such as trafficcontrols or tax incentives for cleaner vehicles or fuels should also be developed.These typ
