which can be developed using (4) to obtain
needs: 2 multiplications, 1 square root and 4 additions. This compares very favorably with the 2 transcendentals, 1 multiplication and 1 addition needed to compute the BPR type function. Note that for a given value of 
, the values of 
and 
are constants that can be evaluated once ahead of time. Figure 3, a and b, show the functions for values of =2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. Note the quasi-linear behavior for x > 1 when comparing Figure 3b to the BPR functions in Figure 1b. The non-zero gradient of the functions at x=0 can be seen clearly.
Fig. 3. Conical funct
